📚 EVALUATION PHASES
Evaluation is not a one-time activity; it is a continuous
and systematic process. It occurs throughout the instructional cycle,
from the planning stage to the execution and final outcomes. Evaluation is cyclical
in nature, where feedback from one phase influences the next.
🔁 Three Main Phases of Evaluation:
📝 1. Planning Phase
➡ This is the pre-instructional phase, where
decisions are made before implementation.
It lays the foundation for all evaluation activities.
(a)
Situation Analysis
📌 Involves assessing the present condition and
collecting background information.
📌 Helps in setting realistic
goals by understanding student needs and available resources.
📌 Example: A teacher
reviews students' cumulative records to determine their ability levels.
(b) Specification of Objectives
📌 Broad goals are broken down into measurable,
specific objectives.
📌 Objectives are of two
types:
✅ Process Objectives –
describe what happens during instruction.
✅ Product Objectives –
describe the expected final outcomes.
📌 Clear objectives guide
teaching strategies and evaluation methods.
(c) Specification of
Prerequisites
📌 Identifying entry behavior or prior
knowledge/skills students must have.
📌 Helps ensure students are
ready to achieve set objectives.
📌 Question to ask: “What
should the student already know to benefit from the instruction?”
(d) Selection / Development of
Measuring Instruments
📌 Good tools are needed to measure the achievement
of objectives.
📌 Tools may be standardized
or teacher-developed, depending on need.
📌 Developing reliable
instruments requires time and expertise.
(e) Delineation of Strategies
📌 Involves choosing appropriate instructional
and curriculum strategies.
📌 Must plan for sequencing,
feedback, practice, and necessary resources.
📌 Example strategies: task
analysis, concept review, etc.
(f) Preparation of Time-Schedule
📌 A realistic timeline is crucial for
effective evaluation planning.
📌 Should account for
possible delays and list key activities with deadlines.
🛠️ 2. Process Phase (Formative Evaluation)
➡ Evaluation is done during the
implementation of teaching and learning activities.
➡ It focuses on monitoring
progress and improving execution.
🔸Key
Features:
📌 Begins with a pre-test to check
readiness and validate objectives.
📌 Evaluates whether planned
activities and strategies are followed properly.
📌 Helps to identify
weaknesses and modify instruction as needed.
📌 Continuous feedback is
provided to improve effectiveness.
🔸 Purpose:
✅ To monitor whether the teaching is effective.
✅ To determine achievement of
process objectives.
✅ To make real-time corrections
during instruction.
🎯 3. Product Phase (Summative Evaluation)
➡ This is the post-instructional phase and
happens at the end of the instructional cycle.
➡ It evaluates the final
outcomes or product of instruction.
🔸 Key
Features:
📌 Based on post-test results and other
final performance indicators.
📌 Examines whether overall
instructional goals have been achieved.
📌 Helps to determine the effectiveness
of the entire program or course.
🔸 Use of
Results:
✅ To provide feedback to teachers, students,
curriculum planners.
✅ To share outcomes with external
decision-makers like school boards, parents, and administrators.
✅ To decide whether the program
needs continuation, revision, or replacement.
📌 Summary:
|
Phase |
Focus |
Purpose |
|
📝
Planning |
Before implementation |
Set goals, plan strategies, select tools |
|
🛠️
Process |
During implementation |
Monitor and improve instruction |
|
🎯
Product |
After implementation |
Assess overall success and outcomes |
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