Management plays a crucial role in the making of any organisation. There is a need for adopting various approaches and techniques in the process of educational planning so as to arrive at the most realistic planning model to maximise the output.
There are different approaches to educational planning. Each planning approach has its unique features.
Few important approaches of educational management are
- Manpower approach
- Cost benefit approach
- Social demand approach
- Social justice approach
- Rate of return approach
- Intra educational extrapolation approach
Social Demand Approach
Social Demand Approach (SDA) is a method in educational
planning which sees education as public social service; a necessity and
inalienable right of all citizens who desire it.
It requires the education authorities to provide schools
and find facilities for all students who demand admission and who are qualified
to enter.
In simple, educational facilities should be extended in proportion to the degree as per the demand of the society.
The social-demand approach is a useful tool to educational
planners - especially when they formulate educational plans -because planning
is done for the entire society and not for the individuals. Here, an estimate
of the population growth trend is determined and education is thus provided.
In
this method are involved the following steps:
(a)To
estimate the proportion of students completing school education and are likely
to enter into higher education.
(b)To
estimate how many of these successful school leaving students would actually
apply for admission to colleges.
(c)To
determine how many of the applicants should be given admission to higher
education.
(d)To
determine the length and duration of the study.
Influencing Factors:
- Cost of education
- Benefits of Education
- Demographic pattern
- Government policies
- Geographical location
- Admission Policies
- Distance to Institute
- Quality of School
Advantages
of the Social Demand Approach:
It is a suitable supporting political tool to meet the need to satisfy the demands of the general public.
- The approach provides the planners with most appropriate number of places where educational facilities have to be provided.
- This kind of planning techniques are most suitable where resources are acutely limited, and such kinds and quantities of education are planned which will offer the greatest good to the greatest number.
- The approach encourages mass education and mass literacy
- It can show the planner the resources that can be allocated to each level of education as long as certain existing trends continue and if private demand is to be satisfied
- It democratizes educational opportunities in the society.
Limitations of the Social Demand Approach:
The approach in no way has a command over factors like price of education. Ignores cost factor
- Estimating future demand of the society is not easy
- The approach has no power to manage the absorption of trained personnel in the economy.
- The approach is poor in the sense that it does not in any way lay claim to whether the resources expended are economically prearranged.
- The approach does not provide any kind of guidance as to how best to meet the identified needs.
- There are chances of over crowded classroom
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