Resource management is acquiring, allocating and managing the resources, such as individuals and their skills, finances, technology, materials, machinery and natural resources required for a project. Resource management ensures that internal and external resources are used effectively on time and to budget.
When it comes to education,
resource management involves making
a strategic plan for organizing and using school resources.
Resource Management plays an
important and critical role to manage a school. There are three basic resources
which are needed to manage a school. They are –
- HUMAN RESOURCES
- MATERIAL RESOURCES
- FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Human Resources:
Human resource
management can be
defined as a
process and effort
to develop, motivate, and
evaluate the overall human resources needed by the organization in achieving
its objectives.
Its
ultimate aim is to help the organization to achieve success. Therefore it
prepares people for this aim.
It is also called as Personnel management. The Resources includes - Teachers, Mentors, Managers, and other school staff.
Human resource management system in school
The broad purpose of the human
resource management function in any educational organization is to attract, develop, retain, and motivate
personnel in order to achieve the school's mission. It defines the
school's 'people objectives'.
The human
resource management system in school helps schools to manage and train the
teachers and other non-teaching staff to perform their duties well. It also
helps in managing their other aspects of work like leave, salary, proxy, etc.
Functions of Human Resources
Management in Education
Human
resource management in education is a set of practices and methods of
integrating and maintaining the teaching staff in the school so that the school
can achieve their purpose and as well as meet the goals for which they were
established.
The
functions include the following:
i.
Staff
maintenance - include; promotion
and transfer, motivation, staff safety, security and health services, prompt
payment of salary, and ensuring a safe and healthy working environment
ii.
Staff
relations - There must be a good
communication network in the school to enable workers to be constantly informed
of the progress being made in the school. Staffs should be recognized as human
beings with feelings, interest, needs and emotions and treating them as such
with fairness and respect.
iii.
Staff
development - The success of
educational organization hinges on the strength and quality of the staff
members. This can be done through in-service training, conference, workshop and
seminars.
iv.
Recruitment
of staff- Recruitment of staff in
education deals with obtaining people with appropriate and necessary skills,
abilities, knowledge and experience to fill the vacant teaching posts in
schools.
v.
Job
performance reward - Staff
performance would increase substantially if they are adequately compensated
according to the quality and quantity of work done. This involves the design
and administration of rewards for jobs performed.
vi.
Others including teacher proxy management, leave
management, performance reports, task management, and many other similar things
that make it easier for the school and its employees to manage their
information.
Benefit
of implementing an effective human resource management system:
- Recruitment and Hiring: It is important to
recruit and select the best educators and staff for the school. Only when a teacher
teaches well can a student learn well. Hence, a human resource management
system is not only helpful to the school administration and the teachers
or staff but also the students.
- Training and Development: Training
can help teachers become more efficient in their roles as educators,
leading to increased student engagement and performance.
- Conflict Management: Conflict
resolution training can help teachers deal with conflicts with or between
students and mitigate conflicts in schools.
- Compensation: HR determines salaries based on
roles, job descriptions, level of work, and performance. And for all the teaching
and non-teaching staff, the HRMS helps them stay updated with their
regular salary status.
- Retention: HR is concerned about motivating
teachers and staff to higher levels of performance, commitment, and longer
tenure.
·
The HR
management system helps school administration to keep a track of employee data and
tasks regarding the school.
·
It also
allows them to store every important information of the employee of the school
for future reference.
Material Resources:
Material resource management
is concerned with the integrated approach to planning, organising,
controlling of the flow of materials as per the demands, purchase through
internal operations to the service point through distribution to the consumers.
Material resource management in
schools is a planning tool for modernization of the existing facilities;
developing the helpful measures for continuous maintenance, reconstruction and
rejuvenation.
Material resources include any
items the school currently owns. These include school furniture, equipment, technology, curriculum materials, black
boards, chalks , benches , desks, textbooks,
and any other materials within the school.
Basic principles of material resource
management:
The
basic principles of material resource management are effective management and
supervision. These are dependent on managerial functions of planning,
organizing, staffing, directing, controlling, reporting and budgeting.
In
addition there is a need for adopting sound methods of purchasing the resources,
making skillful and hard poised negotiations so as to get the cheap and best
commodities. For this one needs to establish an effective purchase system.
Basic purposes of material resource
management in educational institutions are:-
•
To have adequate materials on hand when needed
•
To pay the lowest possible prices, consistent with quality and value
requirement for purchased materials
•
To minimize the inventory investment
•
To operate efficiently
Various functions of material
resource management are:
•
Planning and forecasting of the requirement of material resources.
•
Procurement of material resources.
•
Storage of material resources.
•
Maintenance and repair of equipment and other assets.
The reasons to have material resource
management in educational institutions:
•
An educational institution can expect innumerable benefits from effective
planning of material resource management.
•
Management of material resources aims at reducing the cost of production so as
to help an educational institution increase its profits and outputs.
•
Material resource management provides creative ways to take up the unintended
impacts of the core services and put them out of sight.
•
This integration is also helpful in faster and effective functioning that
involves a large amount of data to be used for planning.
•
Integrating various functions in which material resources are used involves
greater coordination at all levels of management for the sake of better
performance.
Financial Resource management:
Concept of Financial Resource
Management: In educational institutions,
financial management refers to that management activity that is concerned with
decisions on how to procure funds, of an organization's financial resources,
disburse and give account of funds provided for the implementation of
educational programmes.
The importance of financial Resource management
- It provides guidance in financial planning.
- It assists in acquiring funds from different
sources.
- It helps in investing an appropriate amount of
funds.
- It increases organisational efficiency.
- It reduces delay production.
- It cut down financial costs.
- It reduces cost of fund.
- It ensures proper use of fund.
- It helps business firm to take financial decisions.
- It prepares guideline for earning maximum
profits with minimum cost.
- It increases shareholders’ wealth.
- It can control the financial aspects of the
business.
- It provides information through financial
reporting.
- It makes the employees aware of saving funds.
Activities in financial management for education institutions:
Financial management in school essentially means
planning, organizing, directing and controlling the financial activities in
schools so that the financial resources are used in an efficient and effective
manner.
Financial management includes
overseeing the funding for:
- Budgeting
- Administration
- Generating income
- Implementing educational programs/projects/activities
- Procurement
- Controlling financial resources
- Employee salaries
- Maintenance of the building and grounds
- Student after-school and lunch programs, field trips, & special events
- Classroom supplies, including textbooks & technology
- Managing cash and debts
- Preparing financial reports,
- Auditing
Conclusion
Resource management
is a system of management and utilization of all educational resources to carry
out systematic cooperation and processes so that effective education implementation can be achieved
to realize the national education goals that have been aspired.
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